Instructional design models are frameworks that help to guide the development of instructional materials. There are many different types of instructional design models, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The most common types include: ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation), Dick & Carey Model (Goal Analysis, Task Analysis, Instructional Strategy Development and Assessment/Evaluation), Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction (Gaining Attention; Informing Learners of Objectives; Stimulating Recall of Prior Learning; Presenting the Content; Providing Learning Guidance; Eliciting Performance; Providing Feedback on Performance; Assessing Performance for Mastery or Diagnosing Needs); Kemp Design Model (Task Identification/Definition/Analysis Phase, Design Phase and Evaluation Phase) , Merrill’s First Principles Of Instruction(Identify what is to be learned by learners ; Organize content into meaningful units ; Provide guidance for learning activities ; Activate prior knowledge relevant to new learning tasks ; Utilize multiple representations in instruction )and Keller’s ARCS Model (Attention getting strategies – get attention from learner using motivation techniques such as humor or stories related to the topic at hand.; Relevance – explain why this material is important to learn.; Confidence – give encouragement throughout the lesson so that learners feel confident about their ability to complete it successfully.; Satisfaction – provide closure after completion so that learners can feel satisfied with their accomplishments.). Each model has its own unique approach but all have a similar goal—to create effective instruction that will lead students towards successful outcomes.
Instructional design models provide a framework for creating effective and engaging learning experiences. They can be used to plan, develop, and evaluate instruction in English language education. By following the steps of an instructional design model, teachers can ensure that their lessons are well-structured and include all the necessary components for successful learning. The most common instructional design models used in English language education are ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation), SAM (Successive Approximation Model) and Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction. Each model provides different levels of detail about how to create effective instruction but they all have certain elements in common such as analyzing learner needs; designing objectives; developing materials; implementing activities; evaluating outcomes; and revising instruction based on feedback from learners. When using these models effectively it is important to consider the specific context of your lesson including factors such as age level or ability level of students, available resources or technology tools that could enhance the learning experience etc., so that you can tailor your approach accordingly. Additionally, it is essential to use formative assessment techniques throughout each stage of the process so that you can measure student progress towards achieving course goals while making adjustments if needed along the way.
