Instructional design models are the frameworks used to create instructional materials. They provide guidance for designing effective instruction and can be adapted to fit any learning situation. The most commonly used instructional design models include ADDIE, SAM, AGILE, Backward Design, and Universal Design for Learning (UDL). The ADDIE model is a five-step process that includes Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. It is widely used in educational settings because it provides structure and guidance throughout the entire process of creating an effective lesson plan or course. SAM stands for Successive Approximation Model which emphasizes rapid prototyping of ideas before they are fully developed into a finished product. AGILE is an iterative approach to instructional design that focuses on quickly adapting to changing needs while still maintaining quality standards. Backward Design starts with identifying desired outcomes then works backward through planning activities and assessments needed to reach those goals. UDL takes into account different learning styles by providing multiple ways of presenting information so all learners can access it effectively regardless of their individual abilities or preferences. Each model has its own strengths and weaknesses but overall they provide educators with powerful tools for developing high-quality instruction that meets the needs of all students in any given learning environment
Instructional design models are frameworks used to create instructional materials and activities. They provide guidance for the development of effective instruction by helping designers identify key elements, such as objectives, content, assessments, and delivery methods. Instructional design models can be divided into two categories: linear or systematic models and non-linear or emergent models. Linear models are often used in traditional classroom settings where learners move through a set sequence of steps to reach a learning goal. Non-linear models focus on providing learners with more control over their own learning experience by allowing them to explore topics at their own pace. Examples of linear instructional design models include ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation), Dick & Carey Model (Context Analysis; Task Analysis; Design Learning Experiences; Develop Learning Experiences; Implement Learning Experiences) and Kemp’s Model (Identify Learner Characteristics; Identify Performance Objectives; Select Content/Learning Activities/Teaching Strategies). Examples of non-linear instructional design models include Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction (Gain Attention; Inform Learners Of Objective(s); Stimulate Recall Of Prior Knowledge; Present The Material To Be Learned In Small Steps With Clear Explanations And Models As Needed); Keller’s ARCS Model (Attention – Gain learner attention using motivation strategies such as humor or stories.; Relevance – Establish relevance between the material being taught and the learner’s needs.; Confidence – Increase learner confidence that they can succeed in mastering the material.; Satisfaction – Provide satisfaction that learning has taken place.) Both types of instructional design model have advantages and disadvantages depending on your specific goals for instruction. It is important to understand how each model works so you can choose one that best meets your needs.
