Instructional design models are used to help create effective instruction. There are many different types of instructional design models, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The most common instructional design models include the ADDIE model, the Dick and Carey Model, the Merrill Model, Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction, Kemp’s Reusable Learning Object (RLO) Model, Keller’s ARCS Model of Motivational Design, and the SAM Model. The ADDIE model stands for Analysis-Design-Development-Implementation-Evaluation; it is a systematic approach to designing instruction that includes analyzing learners’ needs and objectives; designing activities that meet those needs; developing materials such as lesson plans or job aids; implementing them in an appropriate setting; and evaluating their effectiveness. The Dick & Carey model emphasizes understanding how people learn best when creating instructional materials. It suggests breaking down learning into smaller chunks by using what they call “learning objects” which can be combined together to form larger units of instruction. The Merrill model uses a four step process: analyze learner characteristics (such as age or educational level); identify desired outcomes (what should be learned); develop learning experiences (activities designed to achieve these outcomes); evaluate results (how well did students perform). Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction is based on cognitive psychology principles and focuses on providing learners with clear goals at the start of instruction followed by engaging activities designed to lead them towards mastery. Kemp’s RLO Model encourages reusing existing resources rather than creating new ones from scratch every time there is a need for training material while Keller’s ARCS Model looks at motivation through Attention Interest Desire Satisfaction – focusing on getting learners attention first then building interest before helping them desire knowledge then satisfying this desire with meaningful content that leads to successful completion/mastery. Finally, the SAM model stands for Successive Approximation Methodology – it breaks down complex tasks into simpler components so they can be more easily understood by learners thus leading towards mastery quicker than other methods might allow for.
Instructional design models are an effective way to facilitate English language learning. The most popular instructional design models used in English language learning include the ADDIE model, the SAM model, and the ARCS Model of Motivation. The ADDIE model stands for Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation and is a systematic approach to designing instruction that includes analyzing learner needs and objectives; designing activities based on those needs; developing materials such as texts or videos; implementing them into a course; and evaluating their effectiveness. The SAM (Successive Approximation Model) is an iterative process that involves analyzing learner goals, creating content outlines with objectives aligned to those goals, building prototypes of lessons or activities based on those outlines, testing these prototypes with learners to ensure they meet expectations before finally producing the final product. Finally, the ARCS Model of Motivation provides strategies for motivating learners by focusing on Attention (getting learners’ attention), Relevance (making material relevant to students’ lives), Confidence (building confidence through scaffolding tasks), Satisfaction (ensuring satisfaction through meaningful feedback). By utilizing these instructional design models in combination with each other during English language learning sessions teachers can create more engaging lessons that will help students reach their full potential in terms of proficiency.
