Instructional design models are frameworks that help instructional designers and trainers to create effective learning experiences. There are several types of instructional design models, each with its own unique approach to creating instruction. The most common types of instructional design models include the ADDIE model, the SAM model, the Dick and Carey Model, and the Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction. The ADDIE (Analysis-Design-Development-Implementation-Evaluation) model is a systematic process for designing instruction based on analysis of learner needs and objectives. It involves five phases: Analysis (determining learner needs), Design (developing content), Development (creating materials or activities), Implementation (delivering instruction) and Evaluation (assessing effectiveness). The SAM Model (Successive Approximation Model) is an iterative approach which begins with rapid prototyping followed by successive cycles of refinement until a satisfactory product is achieved. This type of model focuses on user feedback throughout development in order to ensure successful outcomes. The Dick & Carey Model follows a systems approach where it views learners as part of an overall system including inputs such as goals, objectives, resources; processes such as analyzing needs assessment data; outputs such as products or services; feedback loops that measure performance against established criteria; evaluation methods used to assess success;and revision strategies for improving results over time. Finally, Gagne’s Nine Events Of Instruction provides guidance on how best to sequence information in order for learners to effectively acquire knowledge from instruction – these events include gaining attention from learners through motivation activities like stories or games; informing them about their learning objectives; stimulating recall prior knowledge related topics being discussed during instruction; presenting new material using visuals/demonstrations/lectures etc.; providing practice opportunities so they can apply what they have learned in various contexts ;providing appropriate feedback while practicing skills/knowledge acquired during instruction ; assessing whether desired learning has taken place through tests/quizzes etc.; enhancing retention by reviewing important concepts covered during lesson ;and finally generalizing newly acquired skills into real world scenarios
Instructional design models provide a framework for planning and delivering instruction. They are based on research in the field of education, cognitive psychology, and instructional technology. The most common models used in English language teaching include the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation), Backward Design Model (Identify Desired Results/Outcomes; Determine Acceptable Evidence; Plan Learning Experiences & Instruction) and Universal Design for Learning (UDL). Each model has its own set of steps that must be followed to ensure effective instruction. For example, when using the ADDIE model it is important to first analyze learners’ needs and abilities before designing an appropriate lesson plan or course structure. Once this analysis is complete then you can move onto developing activities that will meet those needs as well as evaluate their effectiveness after implementation. With backward design it is important to start by identifying desired results or outcomes before determining what evidence should be collected to assess student learning at each stage of instruction. Finally with UDL it is necessary to consider how different types of learners may interact with content differently so accommodations can be made accordingly throughout the instructional process. By utilizing these instructional design models educators can ensure they are providing students with engaging lessons that meet their individual needs while also helping them reach their academic goals.
