Instructional design models are used to create effective learning experiences. There are several different types of instructional design models, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The most common instructional design models include the ADDIE model, the SAM model, the Dick and Carey Model, and the Kemp Design Model. The ADDIE (Analysis-Design-Development-Implementation-Evaluation) model is a systematic approach to creating instruction that includes analyzing learner needs, designing objectives and activities for learners to achieve those objectives, developing materials based on those designs, implementing them in an appropriate setting or environment for learners to use them effectively, and evaluating their effectiveness in achieving desired outcomes. The SAM (Successive Approximation Model) is an iterative process that starts with identifying a problem or need before moving through analysis of existing conditions and development of solutions. This type of instructional design model emphasizes testing ideas quickly as they are developed rather than waiting until all aspects have been completed before assessing their effectiveness. The Dick & Carey Model focuses on understanding how people learn by providing a framework for designing instruction around four main components: context/environment; content; learning strategies; and assessment/evaluation. Finally, the Kemp Design Model uses five stages—contextualization; exploration; configuration; specification; implementation—to create instruction that takes into account both individual learner needs as well as organizational goals while also focusing on usability within different contexts such as classroom settings or online environments. Each of these instructional design models can be used alone or combined together depending upon specific project requirements.
Instructional design models are an important part of the learning process, as they provide a framework for creating effective instruction. Different instructional design models have different strengths and weaknesses, so it is important to understand how to use them effectively in order to create successful learning experiences. One popular model is the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) model which provides a step-by-step approach for designing instruction. This includes analyzing learner needs and objectives; designing activities that meet those needs; developing materials such as assessments or multimedia content; implementing the instruction through delivery methods such as online courses or classroom lectures; and evaluating its effectiveness after implementation. Another popular model is the SAM (Successive Approximation Model), which focuses on iterative development cycles with each cycle building upon previous ones until desired outcomes are achieved. The SAM model also involves identifying goals and objectives, developing instructional strategies based on those goals and objectives, assessing learners’ progress throughout the course of instruction using formative assessment techniques such as quizzes or surveys, providing feedback on performance during each iteration of development cycle, revising material based on feedback from learners before moving onto next iteration of development cycle until desired outcomes are achieved. Finally there is Bloom’s Taxonomy which classifies cognitive processes into six categories: knowledge acquisition/retention; comprehension/understanding; application/analysis; synthesis/creation; evaluation/judgment; metacognition/reflection. Understanding these different instructional design models can help educators choose appropriate strategies when creating educational materials that will lead to successful learning experiences for their students.
